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The rapid rise in pollution levels and green house gas emissions has accelerated an adoption of Electrical Vehicles (EVs), which are expected to play the pivotal role in a future energy landscape. As EVs integrate with electrical grids, their impact on voltage profiles and grid load distribution becomes increasingly significant. This study explores an integration of renewable energy sources, EVs into the microgrid and with the emphasis on energy production and consumption optimization. In this analysis, the diesel generator is a microgrid, Photovoltaic (PV) array coupled with the wind farm and the Vehicle-to-Grid system near a load. A paper introduces the model for a PV array that employs Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) through Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to maximize an efficiency of a solar energy conversion. Furthermore, it investigates battery control using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to manage a storage and distribution of energy from both renewable sources and EVs. A microgrid is designed to cater to an energy demands of various establishments, including hospitals, universities, and EV charging stations. The comprehensive analysis of a micro grid’s performance, with the particular focus on effects of EV integration, is presented using MATLAB/Simulink, revealing an influence of EVs on an overall network stability and energy management.
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Copyright © 2025, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY-NY-SA). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Corresponding Author: S. Hareesh, hareesheee920@mtieat.org
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Conflict of interest: The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher’s note: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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