Article Correction, Retraction, Withdrawal and Removal Policy

IJRDES is dedicated to safeguarding the integrity, accuracy, and completeness of the scholarly record for the benefit of the global research community. The trust placed in its published work is of utmost significance, and every effort is made to ensure that all published articles remain authentic, reliable, and unaltered. However, there may be exceptional circumstances that require a correction, retraction, or, in rare cases, the removal of an article to preserve the accuracy of the record.

An essential principle of academic publishing is that editorial decisions are made independently by the journal’s editor, who holds full responsibility for determining the suitability of submitted manuscripts. This process follows the journal’s established editorial guidelines and complies with all relevant legal standards, including those related to defamation, copyright, and privacy. Any modifications made to the scientific record are formally documented through a permanent notice linked to the original publication, ensuring full transparency and accountability.

This policy reaffirms Jack Sparrow Publishers - IJRDES’s commitment to ethical publishing practices and the protection of scholarly integrity. It is reviewed periodically to align with current professional standards and the evolving expectations of the academic community.

Reporting Errors, Corrections in Published Articles

If authors identify any inaccuracies or errors in their published articles, they should promptly inform the journal through the contact details listed on its official homepage. The responsibility for initiating this communication usually lies with the corresponding author, who must provide a clear explanation of the issue. Upon receiving the request, the journal editor or a designated representative such as a qualified member of the editorial team will carefully review the reported error and any supporting information provided. In some cases, the assessment may involve an additional round of peer review to verify the accuracy of the correction. Following this evaluation, the editor, in consultation with the editorial team and the Research Rise Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics Center, will decide on the most appropriate method for addressing the issue and ensuring the accuracy of the scholarly record.

Article Corrections

Corrigenda: These are issued to correct minor errors or omissions identified after publication that do not compromise the validity, results, or overall integrity of the article. Corrigenda are prepared by the authors and must have the agreement of all co-authors before publication. Once finalized, the notice is permanently connected to the original article to ensure transparency and clarity for readers.

Errata: These are published by the journal or publisher to correct mistakes that occurred during the production or publication process. Such notices address errors introduced after submission and are directly linked to the original article, maintaining the accuracy and reliability of the published record.

Expressions of Concern

Journal editors or their appointed representatives—such as members of a journal’s Ethics Committee will collaborate with the Research Rise Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics Center of Expertise to determine whether an Expression of Concern should be issued. This action may be taken under any of the following circumstances:

• Inconclusive Evidence of Misconduct: When potential research or publication misconduct is suspected but cannot be fully confirmed or resolved, and the editors believe readers should be informed.

• Concerns About Investigation Fairness: When an inquiry related to the publication appears to lack impartiality, transparency, or adequate completion.

• Prolonged or Ongoing Investigation: When an investigation is in progress but is expected to take an extended period before reaching a final outcome.

An Expression of Concern serves as a cautionary statement to notify readers of possible uncertainties regarding a publication’s integrity. It may be temporary or permanent depending on the case. Once an investigation concludes, the notice will be updated with the appropriate outcome such as a permanent Expression of Concern, a Retraction or Removal Notice, or an Editor’s Note of Exoneration.

Article Withdrawal

Articles-in-Press are preliminary versions of manuscripts that have been accepted for publication but have not yet been finalized. In certain circumstances, these articles may be withdrawn before their official publication to uphold the accuracy and integrity of the scientific record. Withdrawal may occur in the following cases:

• Significant Errors: The article contains critical mistakes that compromise its validity or reliability.

• Duplicate Publication: The work is found to be a duplicate of an already published article.

• Policy Violations: The article breaches Research Rise publishing standards, including simultaneous submission to multiple journals, false authorship claims, plagiarism, or misuse of data.

• Editorial or Production Errors: The article was inadvertently published due to mistakes during editorial review or production.

When an Article-in-Press is withdrawn, all HTML and PDF versions of the content are removed. A replacement page and PDF are issued, clearly stating that the article has been withdrawn under the Research Rise Policy on Article-in-Press Withdrawal. A link to the full policy is included to provide additional context.

This approach ensures transparency, maintains the reliability of the scholarly record, and reinforces the trust and quality associated with Research Rise publications.

Article Retraction Policy 

The retraction of a published article, whether initiated by the authors or the journal editor in consultation with members of the scholarly community, is a critical tool for safeguarding the integrity of the scientific record. Retraction acts as a corrective measure when errors or ethical violations significantly undermine the reliability, validity, or credibility of a publication. By transparently addressing such issues, the retraction process helps maintain trust in scholarly communication and ensures that the permanent academic record remains accurate and reliable.

Articles may be retracted for several key reasons:

• Major Errors: When mistakes are identified that substantially affect the central findings, conclusions, or overall validity of the work, making simple corrections insufficient. Examples include miscalculations, experimental flaws, or other significant inaccuracies.

• Policy Breaches: Instances in which the article violates IJRDES publishing standards, including but not limited to: submission of the same manuscript to multiple journals, false authorship claims, plagiarism of text, data, or images, and deliberate manipulation or falsification of research data.

Through retraction, IJRDES adnJack Sparrow Publishers ensures that the scholarly record reflects only trustworthy, verifiable, and ethically conducted research, thereby protecting both the research community and the public.

Circumstances Warranting Retraction

Journal Editor-In-Chief, editors, or their designated representatives such as members of a journal’s Ethics Committee, may decide to retract an article after consultation with the IJRDES and Jack Sparrow Publisher's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics Center of Expertise. Retraction is considered when the integrity, reliability, or validity of the publication is compromised. The following circumstances may warrant retraction: 

• Unreliable Findings: The article contains major errors, including calculation or experimental mistakes, or presents fabricated or falsified data, such as manipulated images or datasets.

• Plagiarism: Portions of the work, including text, figures, or data, are used without proper attribution.

• Redundant Publication: The article duplicates findings already published elsewhere without appropriate disclosure or permission.

• Unauthorized Material: The work includes content or data for which the authors lack publication rights.

• Legal Issues: The article infringes copyright, contains defamatory statements, violates privacy laws, or breaches other legal requirements. and Final Decion taken by Edito-In-Chief is final at any case. 

• Unethical Research Practices: Research involving human or animal subjects violates ethical standards.

• Compromised Peer Review: Evidence of manipulation or subversion of the editorial or review process.

• Improper Authorship or Citations: Authorship misrepresentation or citation manipulation to boost metrics.

• Undisclosed Conflicts of Interest: Significant competing interests are not declared.

• Other Violations: Any breach of journal policies undermining confidence in the article’s integrity.

This ensures that the scholarly record remains accurate, transparent, and trustworthy. and Editor-In-Chief decision is final at anycase. 

Retraction Process

To promote transparency and uphold accountability, Research Rise follows established best practices for article retraction. Key measures include:

• Retraction Notice: A formal notice titled “Retraction: [Article Title] and Paper ID ” is published in a subsequent journal issue. The notice is signed by the editor and, where applicable, the authors. It is paginated and included in the journal’s table of contents to ensure visibility.

• Electronic Linking: In digital formats, the retraction notice is directly linked to the original article. Online readers first encounter the retraction notice before accessing the article, providing immediate context regarding its status.

• Article Marking and Retention: The original article is retained in full for archival purposes, but the PDF version is clearly watermarked on every page to indicate it has been retracted. The HTML and PDF version is removed from the journal’s website to prevent dissemination of invalid content.

These procedures ensure that the scholarly record is transparent, while still allowing access to the original material for reference or historical purposes.

By implementing consistent and clear retraction practices, Research Rise reinforces the integrity of academic publishing and maintains the confidence of researchers, authors, and readers in the reliability of the scientific record.

Article Removal

The removal of an article from a journal’s online archive is an exceptional and rarely used measure. IJRDES is dedicated to maintaining the scholarly record as a permanent, reliable, and transparent archive of academic work. Any modification to this record is undertaken only under extraordinary circumstances, guided by strict criteria to ensure accountability and clarity. Article removal is considered only when other corrective measures, such as retraction, are insufficient or inappropriate.

Circumstances Warranting Article Removal

• Defamatory Content or Legal Violations: If an article contains material that is legally defamatory or infringes on the rights of others, retraction alone may not adequately resolve the issue, making removal necessary.

• Court Orders: Removal may be required if an article becomes, or is reasonably expected to become, subject to a legal mandate, such as a judicial ruling or litigation order concerning its content.

• Serious Health or Safety Risks: In rare cases, an article may include information that poses a significant risk to public health or safety. To prevent potential harm, removal is deemed essential.

This policy ensures that any removal of content is conducted responsibly, preserving the integrity of the scholarly record while protecting legal and ethical standards.

Article Removal Procedure 

When an article is removed, IJRDES follows a clear and transparent procedure that aligns with established ethical and legal standards. The process includes the following key steps:

• Retention of Metadata: Even when the article’s content is removed, its metadata such as the title, author names, and publication details is preserved in the journal’s archive. This maintains a record of the article’s existence and ensures the integrity of the scholarly record.

• Replacement with a Removal Notice: The article’s content is replaced with a clear notice indicating that the article has been removed. The notice provides the reason for removal, often citing legal obligations or public health concerns, ensuring that readers understand the rationale behind the decision and preserving transparency within the academic community.

• Compliance with Legal and Ethical Standards: Before removal, IJRDES and Jack Sparrow Publsihers consults with legal advisors, journal editors, and relevant ethical oversight bodies to confirm that the action is justified and in full compliance with applicable laws, publishing policies, and ethical guidelines.

This procedure balances the need to protect the scientific record with legal and ethical responsibilities, ensuring that removals are conducted responsibly, transparently, and consistently.

Guiding Principles and Article Replacement 

Article removal is implemented only after careful evaluation of the circumstances and potential consequences. This process reflects IJRDES’s dual commitment to preserving the integrity of the scholarly record and safeguarding the rights, safety, and well-being of all stakeholders involved.

To maintain transparency, metadata for the removed article such as the title, authorship, and publication details is retained, and a clear notice replaces the original content. This approach ensures that the scholarly community is informed about the removal while maintaining a reliable and comprehensive record of research contributions. Such measures promote accountability and uphold the trustworthiness of the academic archive.

In cases where serious health risks are identified, authors may be allowed to submit a corrected version of a retracted article. The retraction procedures apply to the original publication, and the revised version is linked to the retraction notice, ensuring clarity for readers and researchers.

All versions of articles, including retracted or removed publications, are preserved in IJRDES’s official archives. This practice guarantees transparency, supports accountability, and ensures that the scholarly record remains a complete, accessible, and trustworthy resource for the research community.

Sanctions & Notifications

IJRDES may decline future submissions for a defined period and/or notify institutions/funders in cases of proven misconduct (e.g., plagiarism, duplicate submission, falsification). Retractions and corrections are not punishments; they exist to protect the literature.